| Soak treatment | Cement— B. vulgaris mix ratio (wt/wt) | Composite panel density kg/m3 | Mechanical properties | Physical properties | ||
| Modulus of rupture N/mm2 | Modulus of Elasticity N/mm2 | Water absorption due to 24 hrs soak (%) | Thickness swelling due 24 hrs water soak (%) | |||
| Control | 1.0:1 | 1200 | 28.50 (4.11) | 4876 (3.7) | 34.50 (5.0) | 12.72 (3.6) |
| 1.5:1 | 1200 | 34.00 (3.71) | 5029 (4.0) | 29.11 (4.8) | 10.02 (3.1) | |
| 2.0:1 | 1200 | 40.39 (2.9) | 7094 (3.5) | 26.42 (5.1) | 8.95 (3.1) | |
| 2.5:1 | 1200 | 46.00 (3.8) | 8303 (4.2) | 27.11 (3.6) | 7.64 (4.1) | |
| 3.0:1 | 1200 | 50.12 (3.5) | 9111 (2.9) | 25.50 (4.2) | 5.21 (2.6) | |
| Control | 1:1 | 800 | 25.00 (4.0) | 4128 (2.8) | 36.11 (3.8) | 10.84 (4.1) |
| 1.5:1 | 800 | 27.64 (3.5) | 4324 (3.5) | 34.40 (4.1) | 7.64 (5.0) | |
| 2.0:1 | 800 | 31.00 (3.2) | 5754 (4.0) | 30.02 (4.8) | 5.44 (4.2) | |
| 2.5:1 | 800 | 36.03 (3.10) | 7182 (3.4) | 28.11 (3.7) | 4.50 (3.7) | |
| 3.0:1 | 800 | 41.15 (3.7) | 8389 (3.8) | 26.06 (2.6) | 3.90 (3.5) | |
| Cold water | 1.0:1 | 1200 | 33.50 (5.0) | 6238 (4.1) | 30.44 (4.5) | 9.85 (4.6) |
| 1.5:1 | 1200 | 39.67 (4.4) | 7014 (3.9) | 27.51 (7.0) | 7.08 (4.8) | |
| 2.0:1 | 1200 | 47.61 (4.3) | 9800 (3.5) | 25.13 (3.1) | 6.11 (4.1) | |
| 2.5:1 | 1200 | 50.11 (2.7) | 12,180 (2.9) | 23.80 (4.4) | 4.02 (3.6) | |
| 3.0:1 | 1200 | 56.12 (4.8) | 13,300 (5.0) | 22.00 (2.9) | 4.81 (3.6) | |
| Cold water | 1.0:1 | 800 | 30.11 (3.3) | 4899 (1.5) | 32.62 (3.1) | 9.11 (3.2) |
| 1.5:1 | 800 | 34.00 (3.1) | 5295 (2.8) | 28.96 (2.7) | 7.53 (2.9) | |
| 2.0:1 | 800 | 39.65 (5.0) | 6611 (2.1) | 26.41 (4.6) | 5.68 (2.7) | |
| 2.5:1 | 800 | 45.80 (3.6) | 7710 (3.0) | 23.01 (3.2) | 4.02 (4.1) | |
| 3.0:1 | 800 | 49.81 (4.3) | 9245 (3.2) | 20.85 (3.0) | 3.48 (3.7) | |
| Hot water | 1.0:1 | 1200 | 31.76 (4.5) | 7746 (3.1) | 26.12 (2.5) | 9.00 (2.6) |
| 1.5:1 | 1200 | 40.01 (3.1) | 8821 (4.1) | 25.15 (1.8) | 8.141 (2.3) | |
| 2.0:1 | 1200 | 46.81 (2.8) | 11,294 (4.3) | 26.00 (2.1) | 6.01 (1.8) | |
| 2.5:1 | 1200 | 51.11 (4.1) | 13,203 (2.9) | 24.41 (3.0) | 4.64 (1.9) | |
| 3.0:1 | 1200 | 67.89 (6.1) | 14,736 (5.1) | 23.01 (1.9) | 4.01 (3.0) | |
| 1.0:1 | 800 | 30.06 (3.0) | 6416 (4.2) | 28.14 (2.4) | 7.15 (2.7) | |
| 1.5:1 | 800 | 38.02 (3.1) | 7917 (3.9) | 28.62 (2.3) | 6.02 (3.1) | |
| 2.0:1 | 800 | 44.81 (2.9) | 9721 (4.7) | 24.05 (2.5) | 5.00 (2.0) | |
| 2.5:1 | 800 | 47.00 (3.3) | 9800 (4.0) | 22.17 (1.8) | 4.12 (3.0) | |
| 3.0:1 | 800 | 56.11 (5.0) | 11,544 (3.2) | 20.02 (1.7) | 3.08 (1.0) | |
| 1% NaOH | 1.0:1 | 1200 | 45.12 (3.8) | 9846 (5.0) | 24.67 (2.6) | 7.00 (2.1) |
| 1.5:1 | 1200 | 50.83 (2.9) | 11,109 (3.0) | 23.02 (1.8) | 5.01 (1.2) | |
| 2.0:1 | 1200 | 57.10 (4.1) | 12,314 (3.8) | 21.14 (1.5) | 5.21 (1.2) | |
| 2.5:1 | 1200 | 64.25 (3.0) | 13,444 (4.4) | 16.65 (1.2) | 4.22 (1.0) | |